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    ????? ????????/?????

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    ?]????????????
    ??????????????????????????
    ??????????
    ?????????????????
    ??????????????
    ?????????????????
      1??(??)????
      2????
      3????

    ????????????????
        ????????????????????????????????????????????????????@array???????????
        $scalar = $array[2];
        ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
    1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
    2 :
    3 : while ($inputline = <STDIN>) {
    4 :   while ($inputline =~ /\b[A-Z]\S+/g) {
    5 :     $word = $&;
    6 :     $word =~ s/[;.,:-]$//; # remove punctuation
    7 :     for ($count = 1; $count <= @wordlist;
    8 :         $count++) {
    9 :       $found = 0;
    10:       if ($wordlist[$count-1] eq $word) {
    11:         $found = 1;
    12:         $wordcount[$count-1] += 1;
    13:         last;
    14:       }
    15:     }
    16:     if ($found == 0) {
    17:       $oldlength = @wordlist;
    18:       $wordlist[$oldlength] = $word;
    19:       $wordcount[$oldlength] = 1;
    20:     }
    21:   }
    22: }
    23: print ("Capitalized words and number of occurrences:\n");
    24: for ($count = 1; $count <= @wordlist; $count++) {
    25:   print ("$wordlist[$count-1]: $wordcount[$count-1]\n");
    26: }
        ?????????
    Here is a line of Input.
    This Input contains some Capitalized words.
    ^D
    Capitalized words and number of occurrences:
    Here: 1
    Input: 2
    This: 1
    Capitalized: 1
        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????$word????????????????????????????????????7~15??????@wordlist???????????????????????$word????@wordcount???????????????????????????????????@wordlist??????????$word????16~20??@wordlist??@wordcount?????????????
    ????????
        ????????????????????????????????????????@wordlist?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????y?????????????????
        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????Perl???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
        ?????????????????????????????????Perl???%???????????????????????@??????????????????????%????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????
        ????????????????ʦ?/????????????????????$??????????????????????????
    $fruit{"bananas"}
    $number{3.14159}
    $integer{-7}
        ???????????????
        $fruit{$my_fruit}
    ??????????
        ?????????????????????????????????????$fruit{"bananas"} = 1?? ??1????????????%fruit???bananas???????????????????????????????????%fruit????????????????
        ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
    1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
    2 :
    3 : while ($inputline = ) {
    4 :   while ($inputline =~ /\b[A-Z]\S+/g) {
    5 :     $word = $&;
    6 :     $word =~ s/[;.,:-]$//; # remove punctuation
    7 :     $wordlist{$word} += 1;
    8 :   }
    9 : }
    10: print ("Capitalized words and number of occurrences:\n");
    11: foreach $capword (keys(%wordlist)) {
    12:   print ("$capword: $wordlist{$capword}\n");
    13: }
        ?????????
    Here is a line of Input.
    This Input contains some Capitalized words.
    ^D
    Capitalized words and number of occurrences:
    This: 1
    Input: 2
    Here: 1
    Capitalized: 1
        ???????????????????????????????????????????20???????7??
        ??????????????%wordlist??????????????????????????????????????????????????11??????????????keys()??????????????????????????foreach??????????????
        ?????????????????????????????????keys()???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
        ?????????????????????????????sort()??????keys()??????????????
    foreach $capword (sort keys(%wordlist)) {
      print ("$capword: $wordlist{$capword}\n");
    }
    ?]????????????
        ?????????????????????????
        %fruit = ("apples",17,"bananas",9,"oranges","none");
        ???????????????A??????????????
  • ???apples????????17
  • ???bananas????????9
  • ???oranges????????none
  •     ???????????????x????Perl5???????"=>"??","??????????????"=>"?????????????????????
        %fruit = ("apples"=>17,"bananas"=>9,"oranges"=>"none");
    ??????????????????????????
        ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
        @fruit = ("apples",17,"bananas",9,"oranges","none");
        %fruit = @fruit;
        ????????????????x????????????
        %fruit = ("grapes",11,"lemons",27);
        @fruit = %fruit;
        ?????????????????????????????@fruit?????("grapes",11,"lemons",27)??("lemons",27,"grapes",11)??
        ?????????????????????????%fruit2 = %fruit1; ??????????????????????????????????????????????
        ($var1, $var2, %myarray) = @list;
        ??????@list????????????$var1???????????$var2??????????%myarray??
        ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????split()??????????--?????--????????????????????
    1: #!/usr/local/bin/perl
    2:
    3: $inputline = <STDIN>;
    4: $inputline =~ s/^\s+|\s+\n$//g;
    5: %fruit = split(/\s+/, $inputline);
    6: print ("Number of bananas: $fruit{\"bananas\"}\n");
        ?????????
    oranges 5 apples 7 bananas 11 cherries 6
    Number of bananas: 11
    ??????????
        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????$fruit{"lime"} = 1;???????lime????1????????
        ?????????????????????delete???????????????????
        delete ($fruit{"lime"});
    ???
    1?????????delete??????????????????????????????????
    2???????????????????????????push??pop??shift??splice????????????????????
    ?????????????????
        ???????????keys()??????????????????????
    %fruit = ("apples", 9,
              "bananas", 23,
              "cherries", 11);
    @fruitsubs = keys(%fruits);
    
        ????@fruitsubs??????apples??bananas??cherries??????????????????????????????????????????????sort()??????
        @fruitindexes = sort keys(%fruits);
        ????????("apples","bananas","cherries")???????????????values()??????????????????
    %fruit = ("apples", 9,
               "bananas", 23,
               "cherries", 11);
    @fruitvalues = values(%fruits);
    
        ????@fruitvalues????????(9,23.11)?????????????
    ??????????????
        ???????????????keys()??????foreach????????????????????????????????????????????????
    foreach $holder (keys(%records)){
      $record = $records{$holder};
    }
        Perl????????????????????????????each()???
    %records = ("Maris", 61, "Aaron", 755, "Young", 511);
    while (($holder, $record) = each(%records)) {
      # stuff goes here
    }
        each()??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
        ?????????each()????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????
        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
    1??(??)????
        ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
        ??Perl?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
    %words = ("abel", "baker", 
              "baker", "charlie",
              "charlie", "delta",
              "delta", "");
    $header = "abel";
    
        ????????????$header?????????????????????????????????????????????baker????????????????????????
        ???delta????????????????????????????????
        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
    1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
    2 :
    3 : # initialize list to empty
    4 : $header = "";
    5 : while ($line = <STDIN>) {
    6 :   # remove leading and trailing spaces
    7 :   $line =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
    8 :   @words = split(/\s+/, $line);
    9 :   foreach $word (@words) {
    10:     # remove closing punctuation, if any
    11:     $word =~ s/[.,;:-]$//;
    12:     # convert all words to lower case
    13:     $word =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
    14:     &add_word_to_list($word);
    15:   }
    16: }
    17: &print_list;
    18:
    19: sub add_word_to_list {
    20:   local($word) = @_;
    21:   local($pointer);
    22:
    23:   # if list is empty, add first item
    24:   if ($header eq "") {
    25:     $header = $word;
    26:     $wordlist{$word} = "";
    27:     return;
    28:   }
    29:   # if word identical to first element in list,
    30:   # do nothing
    31:   return if ($header eq $word);
    32:   # see whether word should be the new
    33:   # first word in the list
    34:   if ($header gt $word) {
    35:     $wordlist{$word} = $header;
    36:     $header = $word;
    37:     return;
    38:   }
    39:   # find place where word belongs
    40:   $pointer = $header;
    41:   while ($wordlist{$pointer} ne "" &&
    42:     $wordlist{$pointer} lt $word) {
    43:     $pointer = $wordlist{$pointer};
    44:   }
    45:   # if word already seen, do nothing
    46:   return if ($word eq $wordlist{$pointer});
    47:   $wordlist{$word} = $wordlist{$pointer};
    48:   $wordlist{$pointer} = $word;
    49: }
    50:
    51: sub print_list {
    52:   local ($pointer);
    53:   print ("Words in this file:\n");
    54:   $pointer = $header;
    55:   while ($pointer ne "") {
    56:     print ("$pointer\n");
    57:     $pointer = $wordlist{$pointer};
    58:   }
    59: }
        ?????????
    Here are some words.
    Here are more words.
    Here are still more words.
    ^D
    Words in this file:
    are
    here
    more
    some
    still
    words
        ????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ?????add_word_to_list?????????????????
  • ?????print_list?????????????
  •     ??3~17???????????4???????????????????$header??????????5?????????????????????7??????????????8?????????????9~15??????????????????????????????????????????????????????13??????????????????14??????????add_word_to_list??
        ?????add_word_to_list?????24????????????????????????25?????????$header??26?????????????????????????????%wordlist????????????37??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????$header???????????????
        1????????????????????????????????????????
        2???????????$header??
        ????????????????????????40~44?????t??????$pointer??????????????41~44???????$wordlist{$pointer}????????$word??????????46??????????????????????????????????47~48??????????????????47?????????$wordlist{$word}??????$wordlist{$pointer}?????$wordlist{$word}??$wordlist{$pointer}???????????????48??$wordlist{$pointer}??????$word??????$wordlist{$pointer}??????????????$wordlist{$word}??
        ????????????????print_list()???????????????????$pointer????????????????$wordlist{$pointer}???????????????
        ?????????????????????????????sort()??keys()??????????????????????
    foreach $word (sort keys(%wordlist)) {
      # print the sorted list, or whatever }
        ??????????p???????????????????????????^
    2????
        ????????????????(structure)??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
        Perl??????????????????????????????????????????????C?????????????
    struce{
      int field1;
      int field2;
      int field3; }mystructvar;
        ????????????????????????????????????????field1??field2??field3???
    %mystructvar = ("field1" , "" ,
          "field2" , "" ,
          "field3" , "" ,);
        ??????C????????????????????????%mystrctvar???????????????field1??field2??field3??????????????????????????????????????????????
        $mystructvar{"field1"} = 17;
    3????
        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
        ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
        ????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????/????????????/?????????????????/??????
  • ?????????????ʦ????????????????????
  • ????????????????????
  •     ???????????????????????????????????????????????????left??right???????????alphaleft??alpharight???alpha?????????????????????????????????????????????
    1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
    2 :
    3 : $rootname = "parent";
    4 : %tree = ("parentleft", "child1",
    5 :          "parentright", "child2",
    6 :          "child1left", "grandchild1",
    7 :          "child1right", "grandchild2",
    8 :          "child2left", "grandchild3",
    9 :          "child2right", "grandchild4");
    10: # traverse tree, printing its elements
    11: &print_tree($rootname);
    12:
    13: sub print_tree {
    14:   local ($nodename) = @_;
    15:   local ($leftchildname, $rightchildname);
    16:
    17:   $leftchildname = $nodename . "left";
    18:   $rightchildname = $nodename . "right";
    19:   if ($tree{$leftchildname} ne "") {
    20:     &print_tree($tree{$leftchildname});
    21:   }
    22:   print ("$nodename\n");
    23:   if ($tree{$rightchildname} ne "") {
    24:     &print_tree($tree{$rightchildname});
    25:   }
    26: }
        ??????????
    grandchild1
    child1
    grandchild2
    parent
    grandchild3
    child2
    grandchild4
        ????????????????????

        ?????print_tree()????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????22?????19????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????22?????25?????????????????????????????????????????????
        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    ????? ????? ??


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