????? ????????

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1???????????
2?????????????
3??????????
4???????????
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?塢???
????????????????
?????printf????????

    ?????????????print??????????δ???????????????????????????????ú???write????????????????????????
?????????????
    ???????????????????
     1??????????$~????????????
     2?????ú???write
    ???磺

1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
2 :
3 : $~ = "MYFORMAT";
4 : write;
5 :
6 : format MYFORMAT =
7 : ===================================
8 : Here is the text I want to display.
9 : ===================================
10: .

?????????￡?

$ program
===================================
Here is the text I want to display.
===================================
$

    ???????$~???????????Perl??????????????????????д?????????????????????У????????????MYFORMAT????Perl???????????????STDOUT?????????
?????????????????
    ????????????????????????????????????????????????е???????????????????????????á?????????????????????????????????????????write?????????????????????????????
1???????????
    ????????????????????а???????????????磺

format MYFORMAT =
==========================================================
The winning number is @<<<<<<!
$winnum
==========================================================
.

??????write???????????????????????????$winnum???????????????????????????????????????????STDIN???????????????????????????????????????????

1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
2 :
3 : while ($line = ) {
4 : $line =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
5 : $line =~ s/[^a-z]//g;
6 : @letters = split(//, $line);
7 : foreach $letter (@letters) {
8 : $lettercount{$letter} += 1;
9 : }
10: }
11:
12: $~ = "WRITEHEADER";
13: write;
14: $count = 0;
15: foreach $letter (reverse sort occurrences
16: (keys(%lettercount))) {
17: &write_letter($letter, $lettercount{$letter});
18: last if (++$count == 5);
19: }
20:
21: sub occurrences {
22: $lettercount{$a} <=> $lettercount{$b};
23: }
24: sub write_letter {
25: local($letter, $value) = @_;
26:
27: $~ = "WRITELETTER";
28: write;
29: }
30: format WRITEHEADER =
31: The five most frequently occurring letters are:
32: .
33: format WRITELETTER =
34: @: @<<<<<<
35: $letter, $value
36: .

???н?????￡?

$ program
This is a test file.
This test file contains some input.
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
^D
The five most frequently occurring letters are:
        t: 10
        e: 9
        i: 8
        s: 7
        o: 6
$

2?????????????
    ???????У?????????????????write_letter????write??????????????????????????????????????????????????????17???н??????????????????????????????????У?????????t??????$letter??$value?????????????foreach????????????????????????
    ??????????????my???????????????????????????????????????????????????write?????????????????local???塣??local??my????????????￡?
    ???Perl4?????my????????????д?????
3??????????
    ???????????????????write??????????????????????????????????±??

??? ?????

@<<< ????????

@>>> ????????

@||| ?ж??????

@##.## ???????????

@* ???????

    ?????????????????????????????@????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????У???????????@*???????????????????????@?????????????????磺
     @###.##
    ????????????С??????????С???????????
4???????????
    ?????????????????@????????????壬?????ν??????????????????￡?

format SPECIAL =
This line contains the special character @.
"@"
.

???????????????
    ?????????write???????????????????STDOUT??????????????????????????????????????С?????????????????????????????????write???磺
     write (MYFILE);
    ??????write???????????MYFILE???????????????MYFILE?У????????????????$~????????????????????????????$~??????????????????????????????????????????$~???????write?????磺
     select (MYFILE);
     $~ = "MYFORMAT";
     write;
    ??select??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡?

sub write_to_stdout {
local ($savefile, $saveformat);
$savefile = select(STDOUT);
$saveformat = $~;
$~ = "MYFORMAT";
write;
$~ = $saveformat;
select($savefile);
}

?塢???
    ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ü???????ü??????????????filename_TOP????????????????????????????ü???￡?
     format STDOUT_TOP =
     Consolidated Widgets Inc. 1994 Annual Report
     .
    ???ü???????????????????ü?о??????????????????????????????????$%?У??磺
     format STDOUT_TOP =
     Page @<<.
     $%
     .
    ?????????????????????$^??????ü?????????????$~?????$^?????????????????????????select?????????á?
    ??????￡????????60?У???????????$=???????????磺
     $= = 66; #??????66??
    ???????????????????write??????
    ????????÷???????????print?????????????write??????Perl?????????????????к????????????print?????????????????????????????$-??$-??????????е???????????????$-????????????μ??????????????磺
     print ("Here is a line of output\n");
     $- -= 1;
????????????????
    ?????????????@*????????????????????????????????????????????????????Perl?ж????????????????У????и???????????????????????@???????^????????????????????У?Perl????????????з??t??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????μ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????У????????????У????????????????????~?????????????

1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
2 :
3 : @quotation = <STDIN>;
4 : $quotation = join("", @quotation);
5 : $~ = "QUOTATION";
6 : write;
7 :
8 : format QUOTATION =
9 : Quotation for the day:
10: -----------------------------
11: ~ ^<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
12: $quotation
13: ~ ^<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
14: $quotation
15: ~ ^<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
16: $quotation
17: -----------------------------
18: .

???н?????￡?

$ program
Any sufficiently advanced programming
language is indistinguishable from magic.
^D
Quotation for the day:
-----------------------------
Any sufficiently advanced programming language is
indistinguishable from magic.
-----------------------------
$

?????????????????~???????????????????о?????п??С???????????????????????????????÷???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????~?????????????????????????????????????????????????????д???￡?

1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
2 :
3 : @quotation = <STDIN>;
4 : $quotation = join("", @quotation);
5 : $~ = "QUOTATION";
6 : write;
7 :
8 : format QUOTATION =
9 : Quotation for the day:
10: -----------------------------
11: ~~ ^<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
12: $quotation
13: -----------------------------
14: .

    ???????н???????
?????printf????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????printf??????C?????е?printf??????????????printf???????????????????????????к??????????????????????????????????????????????????滻???磺
     printf("The number I want to print is %d.\n", $number);
    ?????????????±??

??? ????

%c ???????

%d ?????????

%e ???????????????????

%f ??????????????????

%g ?????????????

%o ?????????

%s ?????

%u ?????????

%x ???????????

?Щ?????????￡?

1??????d??o??u??x?У??????????????????????l?????????????????%ld??
2??%??????????????????????С??????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?????????????0????%?????????????????????????
3???????????(%c??%f??%g)?п??????С?????????????%8.3f????????8???????С???????С????????3????????????С??????????????
4???????????????????????????????????С?????n.m??????????n??????С??????m??????????????????????????????????????n-m?????

????? ????? ??

paper | appdir | ssv 97av

???	?????
@<<<	????????
@>>>	????????
@\|\|\|	?ж??????
@##.##	???????????
@*	???????

???	????
%c	???????
%d	?????????
%e	???????????????????
%f	??????????????????
%g	?????????????
%o	?????????
%s	?????
%u	?????????
%x	???????????