Password Management: Weak Cryptography

ABSTRACT

采用一些簡單的編碼方式給密碼加密并不能有效地保護密碼。

EXPLANATION

當密碼以明文形式存儲在應用程序的屬性文件或其他數據存儲中時，可能會發生 Password Management 漏洞。程序員試圖通過編碼函數來遮蔽密碼，以修補 password management 漏洞，例如使用 64 位基址編碼方式，但都不能起到充分保護密碼的作用。

示例：以下代碼會從注冊表中讀取密碼，使用一種簡單的編碼算法將密碼解碼，然后使用該密碼連接至數據庫。

...
RegQueryValueEx(hkey, TEXT(.SQLPWD.), NULL, 
NULL, (LPBYTE)pwd64, &size64);
Base64Decode(pwd64, size64, (BYTE*)pwd, &size);
rc = SQLConnect(*hdbc, server, SQL_NTS, uid, 
SQL_NTS, pwd, SQL_NTS);
...

該代碼可以成功運行，但任何對用于存儲該密碼的注冊表主鍵具有訪問權限的人都能讀取 pwd64 的值，然后很容易就能確定該值是否經過 64 位基址編碼。而這給了心懷不軌的雇員利用這一信息破壞系統的機會。

REFERENCES

[1] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 - (OWASP 2010) A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[2] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 - (OWASP 2007) A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[3] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 - (OWASP 2004) A8 Insecure Storage

[4] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3 - (STIG 3) APP3150.1 CAT II

[5] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 - (STIG 3.4) APP3150.1 CAT II

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration - (CWE) CWE ID 261

[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 - (FISMA) IA

[8] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 - (WASC 24 + 2) Information Leakage

[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 - (PCI 1.2) Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 - (PCI 2.0) Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4

[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 - (PCI 1.1) Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[12] Windows Data Protection Microsoft

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