??????? Perl???????????

????????
????Perl?е???
??????????
?????????

?塢????
?????????????
????????????
???????
???????????
??????
??????????????
?????Perl????????Щ???

    ?????????????Perl???????????(OOP)???????ι???????????????С???????????????????????
????????
    ???(module)????Perl??(pachage)??Perl?е?????????????????????á??????ü???x?????????
???http://www.metronet.com??perlmod??perlobj??
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ж????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Perl??????????????????????Perl5?У??????б??????淶??????????á?
    ???????????????????????????Perl????ι????????????
    .???????Perl???????к?????????????
    .?????????Perl???????????????????????
    .?????????????????????á?
????Perl?е???
    ???????￡????Perl???????????????????????Perl???????????????????????????????????Perl5???????????????????????C++?????????????????????????Perl4?????????????e??(::)??????????????????????
    ?????????????????????С?Perl?е??????????????????????????????????????з???????????????????????????????С?
    ???????????????????????????????????估?????????????????饗?????x?1??????飩???????????????????????????????????????????y??????????????(')??????????λ???е?????????г?????λ????磺$class'$member????Perl5?У??????e??????????????????????磺$class'$member??$class::$member?????
??????????
    ???????????????????????衣???????????????????????Cocoa????????書??????????????Java???????????????????????????????????Java??????????????????Java???????????????????????䶮
    ???????????????Cocoa.pm??????(?????pm?????????????????Perl Module)???????????????????????????????????????????????????1;????????У??????????????????????????1;????????С?????Perl?????????????????e??????Perl????????????????????????

package Cocoa;

#
# Put "require" statements in for all required,imported packages
#

#
# Just add code here
#

1; # terminate the package with the required 1;

    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????new()????????????????????????new()?????????????????
?????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????á?????????????????????????????????????????y?????????bless()?????????
    bless YeReference [,classname]
    YeReference??????????????????????classname?????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????????????????????????磺

sub new {
my $this = {}; # Create an anonymous hash, and #self points to it.
bless $this; # Connect the hash to the package Cocoa.
return $this; # Return the reference to the hash.
}

1;

    {}??????????????/??????????????????飩?????????????????????????$this??????bless()??????????????????????????Cocoa???????????á???????????????????????????????
    ??new()?????????$this???????????????ú??????????ù?????????????ù??????????????????????Perl??????б???ù?????????????????μ????
    $cup = new Cocoa;
    ???????????e???????????????

1 #!/usr/bin/perl
2 push (@INC,'pwd');
3 use Cocoa;
4 $cup = new Cocoa;

    ????????Perl????????λ?????????У???????????·??????б?@INC?й????????á?????????????????д????????鰱????t???·???????磬?????/home/test/scripts/????????????о???????￡?
    push (@INC , "/home/test/scripts");
    ????????У????????Cocoa.pm????????????蹦???use??????Perl??@INC·????????Cocoa.pm???????????????????????С?use????????????????????е???new????????????????Perl???????????????????????????????????????????????ж????????????д??
    $cup = cocoa->new();
    ???????C??????????????e????????Cocoa???е?new()???????磺
    $cup = Cocoa::new();
    ????????????м??????????????Cocoa.pm?У??????????????????????????????????????ù????????????????????????????
???

1??????????????г??????????
2????????my??????????д?????????
3??????????????????local?????????????????????????????
4????????????????????????????

??????????Cocoa?????????￡?

sub new {
my $this = {};
print "\n /* \n ** Created by Cocoa.pm \n ** Use at own risk";
print "\n ** Did this code even get pass the javac compiler? ";
print "\n **/ \n";
bless $this;
return $this;
}

??????????e????????????????????????????????????磺

sub new {
my $this = {}
bless $this;
$this->doInitialization();
return $this;
}

???????????????????????У??????????????????????????????new?????????new????????????????

sub new {
my $class = shift; # Get the request class name
my $this = {};
bless $this, $class # Use class name to bless() reference
$this->doInitialization(); return $this;
}

??????????????????????????????е????

Cocoa::new()

Cocoa->new()

new Cocoa

??????bless????????????????μ????bless??????????????bless????????????C??Pascal??????????????????????????????????棬???????????????????????????????檔????????Perl?????????????????????
?????????????????????????Perl????bless??????????????????????????bless??????????????????????????????????????????????????????κ???

???????

    ???????????new()?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????new()????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????????????????
    ?ù???????????￡?

sub new {
my $type = shift;
my %parm = @_;
my $this = {};
$this->{'Name'} = $parm{'Name'};
$this->{'x'} = $parm{'x'};
$this->{'y'} = $parm{'y'};
bless $this, $type;
}

?????鱣?????????￡?

sub new {
my $type = shift;
my %parm = @_;
my $this = [];
$this->[0] = $parm{'Name'};
$this->[1] = $parm{'x'};
$this->[2] = $parm{'y'};
bless $this, $type;
}

    ?????????????????′????????
    $mug = Cocoa::new( 'Name' => 'top','x' => 10,'y' => 20 );
    ??????=>????????????????????=>?????á???????????￡?
    print "Name=$mug->{'Name'}\n";
    print "x=$mug->{'x'}\n";
    print "y=$mug->{'y'}\n";
?塢????
    Perl????????????????Perl????????????????????????????Perl????????岻???κ????????????漲??????????????????????????????Perl?????????????????????鷽????
    ????????????????????????鷽????????????????????á??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????鷽??????????????????shift??????self??this?У????????????????????á??磺

1. sub nameLister {
2. my $this = shift;
3. my ($keys ,$value );
4. while (($key, $value) = each (%$this)) {
5. print "\t$key is $value.\n";
6. }
7. }

?????????????
    ???????????????Cocoa.pm??????????????????δ????????????????Cocoa.pm?????????????????????????Exporter??飬?????????????????????У?
    require Exporter;
    @ISA = qw (Exporter);
    ?????а?????Exporter.pm??飬????Exporter????????@ISA???????????????????????????????????@EXPORT?????о????????????????????closeMain??declareMain????????￡?
    @EXPORT = qw (declareMain , closeMain);
    Perl??????????@ISA?????????@ISA???鯔??????κ???ж??壬???????????????壬Perl??????????????????????顣????@INC?????????@INC?????????????·????@ISA???麬????(??)?????????????????????δ???????@ISA?е???????@ISA?л????е?????е????????
    ???е???????з??????????????????@ISA???鶨??????????????????@ISA??????δ?????Perl???AUTOLOAD()??????????????????????????????????sub???塣?????AUTOLOAD???????????use Autoload;??????autoload.pm????AUTOLOAD??????????????Perl???????????????????AUTOLOAD???????Perl???UNIVERSAL?????????γ?????????????Perl??????????????????????????
????????????
    ????????????????????????????????????????????鷽????????????????????????????????????÷????????????????????Cocoa???????Щ?????????????￡?

package Cocoa;
require Exporter;
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(setImports, declareMain, closeMain);
#
# This routine creates the references for imports in Java functions
#
sub setImports{
my $class = shift @_;
my @names = @_;
foreach (@names) {
print "import " . $_ . ";\n";
}
}
#
# This routine declares the main function in a Java script
#
sub declareMain{
my $class = shift @_;
my ( $name, $extends, $implements) = @_;
print "\n public class $name";
if ($extends) {
print " extends " . $extends;
}
if ($implements) {
print " implements " . $implements;
}
print " { \n";
}
#
# This routine declares the main function in a Java script
#
sub closeMain{
print "} \n";
}
#
# This subroutine creates the header for the file.
#
sub new {
my $this = {};
print "\n /* \n ** Created by Cocoa.pm \n ** Use at own risk \n */ \n";
bless $this;
return $this;
}

1;

?????????д???????Perl?????????????????????????????Java applet??????????????

#!/usr/bin/perl
use Cocoa;
$cup = new Cocoa;
$cup->setImports( 'java.io.InputStream', 'java.net.*');
$cup->declareMain( "Msg" , "java.applet.Applet", "Runnable");
$cup->closeMain();

??ν???????????????Msg??Java applet???????(extend)??java.applet.AppletС??ó???????????(runnable)??????????????????д?????￡?

Cocoa::setImports($cup, 'java.io.InputStream', 'java.net.*');
Cocoa::declareMain($cup, "Msg" , "java.applet.Applet", "Runnable");
Cocoa::closeMain($cup);

?????н?????￡?

/*
** Created by Cocoa.pm
** Use at own risk
*/
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.*;

public class Msg extends java.applet.Applet implements Runnable {
}

    ????????->?????????÷???????м???????????????????????????????磺$cup->setImports( 'java.io.InputStream', 'java.net.*');???e??????磺Cocoa::setImports($cup, 'java.io.InputStream', 'java.net.*');??????????д???Cocoa::setImports $cup, 'java.io.InputStream', 'java.net.*' ;
???????
    ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Espresso??Qava???????????grind????????::????????????Qava???????
    $mess = Qava::grind("whole","lotta","bags");
    Qava::grind($mess, "whole","lotta","bags");
    ???????????????????????????????????????????????÷??????????????????
    $method = $local ? "Qava::" : "Espresso::";
    $cup->{$method}grind(@args);
???????????
    Perl????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????д??????????
    ??????????????????????????????????DESTROY()??????DESTROY()?????????????????????????Щ?????????DESTROY()?????????????????DESTROY()??????Perl???????????????????????????????????bless??DESTROY()??????????????????DESTROY()???????????????????????????????ж???????????????????
    ?????????????????DESTROY()??????????????????????￡?

sub DESTROY {
#
# Add code here.
#
}

    ???????????Perl???????????????????????????????κζ??????????????????????????????????????????????????Perl???????????????????????????????????????е???б????????????UNIX??????У???????????????????????????????????????????
??????
    ???????@ISA?????У????????б???????趨????????????????Bean.pm??Coffee.pm??????Coffee.pm???Bean.pm???Щ??????????????δ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????С?
    Bean.pm???????￡?

package Bean;
require Exporter;
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(setBeanType);

sub new {
my $type = shift;
my $this = {};
$this->{'Bean'} = 'Colombian';
bless $this, $type;
return $this;
}

#
# This subroutine sets the class name
sub setBeanType{
my ($class, $name) = @_;
$class->{'Bean'} = $name;
print "Set bean to $name \n";
}
1;

?????У???$this???????????????????????'Bean'???????'Colombian'??????setBeanType()??????'Bean'??????????$class???????????????????
Coffee.pm???????￡?

1 #
2 # The Coffee.pm file to illustrate inheritance.
3 #
4 package Coffee;
5 require Exporter;
6 require Bean;
7 @ISA = qw(Exporter, Bean);
8 @EXPORT = qw(setImports, declareMain, closeMain);
9 #
10 # set item
11 #
12 sub setCoffeeType{
13 my ($class,$name) = @_;
14 $class->{'Coffee'} = $name;
15 print "Set coffee type to $name \n";
16 }
17 #
18 # constructor
19 #
20 sub new {
21 my $type = shift;
22 my $this = Bean->new(); ##### <- LOOK HERE!!! ####
23 $this->{'Coffee'} = 'Instant'; # unless told otherwise
24 bless $this, $type;
25 return $this;
26 }
27 1;

    ??6?е?require Bean;????????Bean.pm?????????????????????setCoffeeType()???????t??????$class->{'Coffee'}????????????new()?У?$this???Bean.pm????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Bean.pm??????????????????????????е??????
    my $this = {}; #????
    my $this = $theSuperClass->new(); #???
    ????????????ε??ü?е??????

1 #!/usr/bin/perl
2 push (@INC,'pwd');
3 use Coffee;
4 $cup = new Coffee;
5 print "\n -------------------- Initial values ------------ \n";
6 print "Coffee: $cup->{'Coffee'} \n";
7 print "Bean: $cup->{'Bean'} \n";
8 print "\n -------------------- Change Bean Type ---------- \n";
9 $cup->setBeanType('Mixed');
10 print "Bean Type is now $cup->{'Bean'} \n";
11 print "\n ------------------ Change Coffee Type ---------- \n";
12 $cup->setCoffeeType('Instant');
13 print "Type of coffee: $cup->{'Coffee'} \n";

??????????????￡?

-------------------- Initial values ------------
Coffee: Instant
Bean: Colombian
-------------------- Change Bean Type ----------
Set bean to Mixed
Bean Type is now Mixed
------------------ Change Coffee Type ----------
Set coffee type to Instant
Type of coffee: Instant

?????????У?????????????????????????'Bean'??'Coffee'????????????????????????????????
?????????ж??????????????Coffee.pm??????????makeCup()?????????￡?

sub makeCup {
my ($class, $cream, $sugar, $dope) = @_;
print "\n================================== \n";
print "Making a cup \n";
print "Add cream \n" if ($cream);
print "Add $sugar sugar cubes\n" if ($sugar);
print "Making some really addictive coffee ;-) \n" if ($dope);
print "================================== \n";
}

?????????????????????????????????????????????????磺

1 #!/usr/bin/perl
2 push (@INC,'pwd');
3 use Coffee;
4 $cup = new Coffee;
5 #
6 # With no parameters
7 #
8 print "\n Calling with no parameters: \n";
9 $cup->makeCup;
10 #
11 # With one parameter
12 #
13 print "\n Calling with one parameter: \n";
14 $cup->makeCup('1');
15 #
16 # With two parameters
17 #
18 print "\n Calling with two parameters: \n";
19 $cup->makeCup(1,'2');
20 #
21 # With all three parameters
22 #
23 print "\n Calling with three parameters: \n";
24 $cup->makeCup('1',3,'1');

??????????￡?

Calling with no parameters:
==================================
Making a cup
==================================
Calling with one parameter:
==================================
Making a cup
Add cream
==================================
Calling with two parameters:
==================================
Making a cup
Add cream
Add 2 sugar cubes
==================================
Calling with three parameters:
==================================
Making a cup
Add cream
Add 3 sugar cubes
Making some really addictive coffee ;-)
==================================

??????У?????makeCup()????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????У???????????????????????????????????????????費??????
????????????????
??е?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Bean.pm???м?????printType()?????????￡?

sub printType {
my $class = shift @_;
print "The type of Bean is $class->{'Bean'} \n";
}

    ????????@EXPORT???????????
    @EXPORT = qw ( setBeanType , printType );
    ?????????ú???printType()??????????÷?????

$cup->Coffee::printType();
$cup->printType();
$cup->Bean::printType();

?????????￡?

The type of Bean is Mixed
The type of Bean is Mixed
The type of Bean is Mixed

????????????????????????ж??庯??printType()????????????????????е?????????????????????????printType()????????????Coffee.pm???м?????壺

#
# This routine prints the type of $class->{'Coffee'}
#
sub printType {
my $class = shift @_;
print "The type of Coffee is $class->{'Coffee'} \n";
}

    ????????@EXPORT???飺
    @EXPORT = qw(setImports, declareMain, closeMain, printType);
    ????????????????

The type of Coffee is Instant
The type of Coffee is Instant
The type of Bean is Mixed

??????е???????Bean::???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????ε????????????????????α??????SUPER::????????????????磺$this->SUPER::function(...argument list...); ????????@ISA?б????????????????SUPER::?滻Bean::????д?$cup->SUPER::printType(); ?????????????????

The type of Bean is Mixed

?????Perl????????Щ???
OOP?????????????????á?OOP???????????????Щ????????Perl???????????my?????????????????????Perl????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???

1??????????????????????????
2????????????????????????????

    ????д????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????local()?????壬??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????μ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????·?????????????
    use coffee::Bean;
    ???????????????@INC????????????Coffee?????????Bean.pm?????????Bean.pm???./Coffee???????????????????use????????????????????????????????????????磬????????
    use Another::Sub::Menu;
    ??ζ??????????????
    ./Another/Sub/Menu.pm

????? ????? ??

paper | appdir | ssv 97av